Genocide Bad Endnotes

[1] UN Special Committee finds Israel’s warfare methods in Gaza consistent with genocide, including use of starvation as weapon of war | ohchr. United Nations Press Release. (2024, November 14). https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/11/un-special-committee-finds-israels-warfare-methods-gaza-consistent-genocide

[1] Maad, A., Audureau, W., & Forey, S. (2024, April 3). “40 beheaded babies”: Deconstructing the rumor at the heart of the information battle between Israel and Hamas. Le Monde.fr. https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/04/03/40-beheaded-babies-the-itinerary-of-a-rumor-at-the-heart-of-the-information-battle-between-israel-and-hamas_6667274_8.html

[1] Abunimah, A. (2024, May 21). ICC has no evidence for 7 October rapes, documents indicate. The Electronic Intifada. https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/ali-abunimah/icc-has-no-evidence-7-october-rapes-documents-indicate

[1] Gupta, A. (2024, March 6). Claims of mass rape by Hamas unravel upon investigation . YES! Magazine. https://www.yesmagazine.org/social-justice/2024/03/05/israel-hamas-oct7-report-gaza

[1] Kubovich, Y. (2024, July 7). IDF ordered Hannibal Directive on October 7 to prevent Hamas taking soldiers captive. Haaretz.com. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-07-07/ty-article-magazine/.premium/idf-ordered-hannibal-directive-on-october-7-to-prevent-hamas-taking-soldiers-captive/00000190-89a2-d776-a3b1-fdbe45520000

[1] Winstanley, A. (2024, October 14). How Israel killed hundreds of its own people on 7 October. The Electronic Intifada. https://electronicintifada.net/content/how-israel-killed-hundreds-its-own-people-7-october/49216

[1] Bergman, R., & Goldman, A. (2023, December 1). Israel knew Hamas’s attack plan more than a year ago. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/30/world/middleeast/israel-hamas-attack-intelligence.html

[1] Táíwò, O. O. (2022). Elite capture: How the powerful took over identity politics (and everything else). Haymarket Books. 12.

[1] Ibid., 7

[1] Ibid., 113.

[1] Sato, M. (2024, June 5). Israel reportedly used fake social media accounts to influence us lawmakers. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2024/6/5/24172002/israel-gaza-war-covert-influence-camapaign-meta-openai

[1] AJ+. (2024, June 5.). The child beheaded in the Rafah tent massacre was named Ahmed Al-Najjar. He was only 18 months old. Here’s what his family had to say about Ahmed. X (formerly Twitter). https://x.com/ajplus/status/1798535281081278893

[1] What is known about Israeli hostages taken by Hamas. AJC. (2024, October 14). https://www.ajc.org/news/what-is-known-about-israeli-hostages-taken-by-hamas

[1] Number of Palestinian children in Israeli detention . Defense for Children Palestine. (2024, June 30). https://www.dci-palestine.org/children_in_israeli_detention

[1] 640 Palestinian children detained in West Bank since October 7. The New Arab. (2024, June 18). https://www.newarab.com/news/640-palestinian-children-detained-west-bank-october-7

[1] Child casualties in the West Bank Skyrocket in the past nine months. UNICEF. (2024, July 22). https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/child-casualties-west-bank-skyrocket-past-nine-months

[1] The State of America’s Children 2023 - Youth Justice. Children’s Defense Fund. (2023, May 19). https://staging.childrensdefense.org/the-state-of-americas-children/soac-2023-youth-justice/?gad_source=1

[1] Khalidi, R. (2021). The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine: A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917-2017. Picador. 97.

[1] Ibid., 97.

[1] Ibid., 98.

[1] Ibid., 104.

[1] Schmidt, E. (2022, March 16). Reading the numbers: 130 million American adults have low literacy skills. APM Research Lab. https://www.apmresearchlab.org/10x-adult-literacy

[1] Librarians and Archivists with Palestine. “Author Meets Booktok: Sim Kern and Rashid Khalidi on 'The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine.’” YouTube. (2023, December 4). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9z6SdKDvi8

[1]BBC. (2022, October 7). Gay Palestinian Ahmad Abu Marhia beheaded in West Bank. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-63174835

[1] Price, A. (2023, June 12). Texas woman killed after shooter shouted anti-gay slur, per affidavit. Axios Austin. https://www.axios.com/local/austin/2023/06/12/akira-ross-murder-shooting

[1] Williams, R. (2015, August 2). Shira Banki, Israeli teen attacked at Jerusalem Gay Pride Parade, dies from injuries. NBCNews.com. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/shira-banki-israeli-teen-attacked-jerusalem-gay-pride-parade-dies-n402576

[1] Gaza Strip Demographics Profile. Index Mundi. (2021, September 18). https://www.indexmundi.com/gaza_strip/demographics_profile.html

[1] Allen, M., & VandeHei, J. (2024, May 6). Biden vs. Trump: 6% of Americans in these states will decide who wins. Axios. https://www.axios.com/2024/05/06/biden-trump-election-swing-states

[1] 200 days of military attack on Gaza: A horrific death toll amid intl. failure to stop Israel’s genocide of Palestinians. Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor. (2024, April 24). https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/6282/200-days-of-military-attack-on-Gaza:-A-horrific-death-toll-amid-intl.-failure-to-stop-Israel%E2%80%99s-genocide-of-Palestinians

[1] Israel’s Likud signs coalition deal with anti-LGBTQ Radical. AP News. (2022, November 28). https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-religion-israel-gay-rights-d525655630fcf17082d0a6b8a8a998c8

[1] Ben David, T., & Ben David, L. (2021, September 17). “I’d rather die in the west bank”: LGBTQ Palestinians find no safety in Israel. +972 Magazine. https://www.972mag.com/lgbtq-palestinians-israel-asylum/

[1] Ashly, J. (2019, August 27). PA rescinds ban on LGBTQ Group after protests. The Electronic Intifada. https://electronicintifada.net/content/pa-rescinds-ban-lgbtq-group-after-protests/28201

[1] de Guzman, C. (2023, October 20). In Gaza, “queering the map” shows heartbreaking LGBT notes. Time. https://time.com/6326254/queering-the-map-gaza-lgbt-palestinians/

[1] Williams, D. (2014). I Freed Myself: African American self-emancipation in the Civil War era. Cambridge University Press. https://erenow.org/modern/i-freed-myself-african-american-self-emancipation-civil-war-era/3.php

[1] Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2024, September 27). Slave rebellions. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/slave-rebellions

[1] Ibid.

[1] National Archives and Records Administration. (2022, January 28). The Emancipation Proclamation. https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation

[1] Ibid.

[1] Plett-Usher, B. (2024, June 10). South Africans still battling ‘economic apartheid’ 30 years on. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4nn035zqqqo

[1] Qumsiyeh, M. B., & Abusarhan, M. A. (2021, November 3). An environmental nakba: The Palestinian environment under Israeli Colonization. Science for the People Magazine. https://magazine.scienceforthepeople.org/vol23-1/an-environmental-nakba-the-palestinian-environment-under-israeli-colonization/

[1] Al Jazeera English. “’Black faces in high places are not going to save us’” – Quotable. YouTube. (April 17, 2024). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=javaZtuESR4

[1] Pew Research Center. (2021, May 11). Jewish Americans in 2020, 9. race, ethnicity, heritage and immigration among U.S. Jews. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/05/11/race-ethnicity-heritage-and-immigration-among-u-s-jews/

[1] Pew Research Center. (2021, May 11). Jewish Americans in 2020, 11. economics and well-being among U.S. jews. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/05/11/economics-and-well-being-among-u-s-jews/

[1] MEE Staff. (2021, June 11). Education and income gaps widening between Israel’s different Jewish groups, says report. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-education-ashkenazi-mizrahi-report

[1] Goldstein, T. (2019, July 8). Ethiopian-israeli community has hit boiling point, leading activist says | The Times of Israel. The Times of Israel. https://www.timesofisrael.com/ethiopian-israeli-community-has-reached-boiling-point-leading-activist-says/

[1] Greenwood, P. (2013, February 28). Ethiopian women in Israel “given contraceptive without consent.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/28/ethiopian-women-given-contraceptives-israel

[1] Israel’s apartheid against Palestinians: A cruel system of domination and a crime against humanity. Amnesty International. (2022, February 1). https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/02/israels-apartheid-against-palestinians-a-cruel-system-of-domination-and-a-crime-against-humanity/

[1] Johnson, A., & Ali, O. (2024, January 10). Coverage of gaza war in the New York Times and other major newspapers heavily favored Israel, analysis shows. The Intercept. https://theintercept.com/2024/01/09/newspapers-israel-palestine-bias-new-york-times/

[1] Ibid.

[1] Al-Kassab, F. (2024, January 26). A top U.N. Court says Gaza genocide is “plausible” but does not order cease-fire. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2024/01/26/1227078791/icj-israel-genocide-gaza-palestinians-south-afric a

[1] Museum condemns recent antisemitism on college campuses. Illinois Holocaust Museum. (2024, April 22). https://www.ilholocaustmuseum.org/museum-condemns-recent-antisemitism-on-college-campuses/

[1] Miszak, D. (2024, May 31). A Holocaust Museum cut a survivor from its speaker’s list - for protesting the war in Gaza. The Forward. https://forward.com/news/618082/holocaust-survivor-cut-museum-protest-gaza/

[1] The jewish museum cancels two Jewish artists descended from holocaust survivors for supporting Palestinians. World Art News. (2024, March 13). https://worldart.news/2024/03/13/the-jewish-museum-cancels-two-jewish-artists-descended-from-holocaust-survivors-for-supporting-palestinians/

[1] Holocaust books for Young Adults. Jewish Book Council. (2023, September 20). https://www.jewishbookcouncil.org/books/reading-lists/holocaust-books-for-young-adults

[1] Holocaust books for Middle Grade Readers. Jewish Book Council. (2023, September 20). https://www.jewishbookcouncil.org/books/reading-lists/holocaust-books-for-middle-grade-readers

[1] Zion, I. B., & Scharf, I. (2022, January 27). One-third of Israeli holocaust survivors live in poverty, advocates say. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/one-third-of-israeli-holocaust-survivors-live-in-poverty-advocates-say

[1] Dorman, J. L. (2023, October 14). Descendants of holocaust survivors protesting Israel’s “genocide” of Palestinians among those arrested in front of sen. Chuck Schumer’s house in New York. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-pro-palestinian-arrests-descendants-holocaust-gaza-ceasefire-schumer-brooklyn-2023-10

[1] Cox, M.-L. (1999, October 14). Author Hochschild recounts lost history of Horror in the Belgian congo. Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/author-hochschild-recounts-lost-history-horror-the-belgian-congo

[1] David Michael, S. (2019, September). Counting the Dead: Estimating the Loss of Life in the Indigenous Holocaust, 1492-Present. Southeastern Oklahoma State University. https://www.se.edu/native-american/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2019/09/A-NAS-2017-Proceedings-Smith.pdf

[1] Berger, M. (2023, September 29). Sudan’s diaspora sends home aid as world’s attention drifts. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/09/29/sudan-war-diaspora-aid/

[1] Wikimedia Foundation. (2024, August 4). Congolese Americans. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congolese_Americans

[1] Irfan, A. (2023, August 23). Why Palestinians are known as the world’s “Best educated refugees”anne Irfan - Columbia University Press Blog. Columbia University Press Blog . https://cupblog.org/2023/08/23/why-palestinians-are-known-as-the-worlds-best-educated-refugeesanne-irfan/

[1] Ben-Naeh, Y. Blond, tall, with honey-colored eyes: Jewish ownership of slaves in the Ottoman Empire. Jew History 20, 315–332 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10835-006-9018-z

[1] Sand, S. (2020). The Invention of the Jewish People (Y. Lotan, Trans.). Verso. 247.

[1] Middle East Eye. (September 22, 2024). Israeli students chant 'may your village burn' at Palestinian girl. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1170764674222593

[1] Haaretz Editorial. (2024, September 24). Israel is instilling mob values in its children: Editorial. Haaretz.com. https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/editorial/2024-09-25/ty-article-opinion/israel-is-instilling-mob-values-in-its-children/00000192-259c-d815-a393-7ffe091e0000

[1] Trachtenberg, J. (2013). Jewish Magic and Superstition: A Study in Folk Religion. Martino Publishing. p. 4.

[1] Trachtenberg, J. (2013). Jewish Magic and Superstition: A Study in Folk Religion. Martino Publishing. p. 5.

[1] Chajes, J.H. (2003). Between Worlds: Dybbuks, Exorcists, and Early Modern Judaism. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 42

[1] Chajes, J.H. (2003). Between Worlds: Dybbuks, Exorcists, and Early Modern Judaism. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 57

[1] Climenhaga, L. (2012, May 9). Imagining the witch: A comparison between fifteenth-century witches within medieval Christian thought and the persecution of jews and heretics in the Middle Ages. Constellations. https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/constellations/index.php/constellations/article/view/17200 p. 119-120

[1] Ibid., 121

[1] Ibid. 124-125

[1] Council Fathers. (1215). Fourth lateran council : 1215. (Tanner, N. trans.) Papal Encyclicals. https://www.papalencyclicals.net/councils/ecum12-2.htm

[1] LUBRICH, N. (2015). The Wandering Hat: Iterations of the Medieval Jewish Pointed Cap. Jewish History, 29(3/4), 203–244. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24709777 , 227-228

[1] Ibid., 233.

[1] New exhibition at the wiener library features “jews out!” – a children’s board game from Nazi Germany. Tel Aviv University News. (2023, January 24). https://english.tau.ac.il/news/wiener_exhibition_2023

[1] Cassen, Flora. (2019). Jewish Travelers in Early Modern Italy: Visible and Invisible Resistance to the Jewish Badge. in Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336347490_Jewish_Travelers_in_Early_Modern_Italy_Visible_a nd_Invisible_Resistance_to_the_Jewish_Badge (pp.73-89)

[1] Horowitz, E. (n.d.). Sumptuary Legislation. The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article/305

[1] Ford, R. T. (2022). Dress Codes: How the laws of fashion made history. Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. p. 53.

[1] Mączak, A. (1995). Travel in Early Modern Europe. Polity Press. p. 245

[1] Evangelisti, S. (2007). Nuns: A History of Convent Life. Oxford University Press. p.33

[1] Goldberg, E. L. (2011). Jews and Magic in Medici Florence: The secret world of Benedetto Blanis. University of Toronto Press. p. 23

[1] Ibid., 103

[1] Ibid., 98

[1] Ibid., 105

[1] STONE, D. (1997). Knowledge of Foreign Languages among Eighteenth-Century Polish Jews. In G. D. HUNDERT (Ed.), Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 10: Jews in Early Modern Poland (pp. 200– 218). Liverpool University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv39x6j8.16, p. 205.

[1] Stampfer, S. (2003). What Actually Happened to the Jews of Ukraine in 1648? Jewish History, 17(2), 207– 227. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20101498

[1] Zimmermann, Moshe. Wilhelm Marr: The Patriarch of Antisemitism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University. P. 18.

[1] Philologos. (2020, May 20). How “anti-semitism” replaced “jew-hatred” and why it shouldn’t have. Mosaic. https://mosaicmagazine.com/observation/history-ideas/2020/05/how-anti-semitism-replaced-jew-hatred-and-why-it-shouldnt-have/

[1] UNESCO. (1950). The Race Question. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000128291 p.8

[1] Gannon, M., & LiveScience. (2016, February 5). Race is a social construct, scientists argue. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/race-is-a-social-construct-scientists-argue/

[1] Harpham, G. G. (Ed.). (2023). François Bernier: 1620–1688. Theories of Race: An annotated anthology of essays on race, 1684⁠–⁠1900. https://www.theoriesofrace.com/1/

[1] Wikimedia Foundation. (2024, June 30). Johann Christoph Gatterer. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Gatterer

[1]File:first depiction of historical ethnology by Semitic, Hamitic and Japhetic, 1771, Gatterer.jpg - Wikipedia republished // Wiki 2. Wikipedia. (n.d.). https://wiki2.org/en/File:First_depiction_of_historical_ethnology_by_Semitic,_Hamitic_and_Japhetic,_1771,_Gatterer_jpg

[1] Charmantier, I. (2020, September 3). Linnaeus and Race. The Linnean Society of London. https://www.linnean.org/learning/who-was-linnaeus/linnaeus-and-race

[1] Reid, Gordon McGregor (2009). "Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778): His Life, Philosophy and Science and Its Relationship to Modern Biology and Medicine". Taxon. 58 (1): 1831.

doi:10.1002/tax.581005. JSTOR 27756820.

[1] Weisberg M, Paul DB. Morton, Gould, and Bias: A Comment on "The Mismeasure of Science". PLoS Biol. 2016 Apr 19;14(4):e1002444. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002444. PMID: 27092558; PMCID: PMC4836680. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4836680/

[1] Darwin, C. (1871). The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. John Murray. https://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=F937.1&pageseq=214 p. 201.

[1] World Court finds Israel responsible for apartheid. Human Rights Watch. (2024, July 19). https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/07/19/world-court-finds-israel-responsible-apartheid

[1] David Feldman, Toward a History of the Term “Anti-Semitism”, The American Historical Review, Volume 123, Issue 4, October 2018, Pages 1139– 1150, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhy029 p. 1141

[1] Ibid., 1143

[1] Rosselson, L. (2018, October 25). Theodor Herzl, founder of Zionism. not quite what you might imagine. Jewish Voice for Labour. https://www.jewishvoiceforlabour.org.uk/article/theodor-herzl-founder-of-zionism-not-quite-what-you-might-imagine/

[1] Feldman, p. 1146

[1] Feldman, p. 1147

[1] Massad, J. (2012, December 24). Zionism, anti-Semitism and colonialism. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2012/12/24/zionism-anti-semitism-and-colonialism

[1] Ibid.

[1] Anti-Nazi Boycotts. Jewish Virtual Library. (n.d.). https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/anti-nazi-boycotts

[1] Haavara winds up Reich-Palestine transfer operations; handled $35,000,000 in 6 years. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. (1939, September 10). https://www.jta.org/archive/haavara-winds-up-reich-palestine-transfer-operations-handled-35000000-in-6-years

[1] Massad, J. (2012, December 24). Zionism, anti-Semitism and colonialism. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2012/12/24/zionism-anti-semitism-and-colonialism

[1] Abu-Diab, Fawzi: Immigration to Israel: A Threat to Peace in the Middle East (Information Paper #12; New York: Arab Information Center, 1960) https://archive.org/details/ImmigrationToIsraelAThreatToPeaceInTheMiddleEast p.6

[1] Margaliot, Abraham. (1989). THE PROBLEM OF THE RESCUE OF GERMAN JEWRY DURING THE YEARS 1933-1939; THE REASONS FOR THE DELAY IN THEIR EMIGRATION FROM THE THIRD REICH. Volume 2, edited by Michael Robert Marrus, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Saur. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110968729.553 pp. 559-60.

[1] Shohat, E. (1988). Sephardim in Israel: Zionism from the Standpoint of Its Jewish Victims. Social Text, 19/20, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.2307/466176 p. 9

[1] Ibid., 9.

[1] MEE Staff. (2023, June 17). Avi Shlaim says he has “proof of Zionist involvement” in 1950s attack on Iraqi jews. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/avi-shlaim-proof-israel-zionist-involvement-iraq-jews-attacks

[1] Ehrman, A. (1976). THE ORIGINS OF THE RITUAL MURDER ACCUSATION AND BLOOD

LIBEL. Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought, 15(4), 83–90. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23258406

[1] Syed, A. (2023, December 15). What Palestinian children face in Israeli prisons. Time. https://time.com/6548068/palestinian-children-israeli-prison-arrested/

[1] Najjar, F. (2024, September 1). To be a Palestinian child, trying to survive Israeli jail. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/8/31/to-be-a-palestinian-child-trying-to-survive-israeli-jail

[1]Kinder, T. (2014, November 22). Israel: 240 Palestinian children “sexually abused” in jerusalem detention centres, group claims. International Business Times UK. https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/israel-240-palestinian-children-sexually-abused-jerusalem-detention-centres-group-claims-1476061

[1] Agency, A. (2024, July 11). “Suffering Horrifically”: 10 months of Israel’s “War on Children” in Gaza. Middle East Monitor. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240711-suffering-horrifically-10-months-of-israels-war-on-children-in-gaza/

[1] @Doamuslims. (2024, May 18). Israeli soldier playing with killed Palestinian children’s toys in GAZ4. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/doamuslims/reel/C7H1ozMrmIy/

[1] Shehadeh, R. (2023). We Could Have Been Friends, My Father and I: A Palestinian Memoir. Other Press.

[1] Khalil, Z. (2024, February 11). Israeli soldiers steal over $54 million from Gaza Bank: Report. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israeli-soldiers-steal-over-54-million-from-gaza-bank-report/3134166

[1] Johnson, J. (2024, August 28). “Very bad sign for democracy”: AIPAC has spent over $100 million on 2024 elections. Common Dreams. https://www.commondreams.org/news/aipac-100-million

[1] McGreal, C. (2024, February 4). CNN staff say network’s pro-Israel slant amounts to “journalistic malpractice.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2024/feb/04/cnn-staff-pro-israel-bias

[1] Valdez, J. (2024, August 29). Columbia cuts due process for student protesters after Congress demands harsher punishment. The Intercept. https://theintercept.com/2024/08/29/columbia-campus-protests-gaza-subpoena/

[1] Weinberg, D. A. (2021, August 6). Proven false 100 years ago, antisemitic ‘protocols’ document is still being exploited | arab news. https://www.arabnews.com/node/1906891/middle-east

[1] Nilus, S. (Marsden, V. E. trans.) (2014). Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion. Mercian Free Press. (Original work published 1905). https://ia803409.us.archive.org/6/items/books_202012/The%20Protocols%20of%20the%20Learned%20El ders%20of%20Zion%20(%20PDFDrive%20).pdf

[1] Al Jazeera. (2003, June 5). Israel’s Latin American trail of terror. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2003/6/5/israels-latin-american-trail-of-terror

[1] Al-Anani, K. (2023, May 11). The sudan crisis: How regional actors’ competing interests fuel the conflict. Arab Center Washington DC. https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/the-sudan-crisis-how-regional-actors-competing-interests-fuel-the-conflict/

[1] Nilus, p.39.

[1] Jabotinsky, V. (Jabotinsky Institute in Israel trans.) (1923). The Iron Wall. Razsviet. https://en.jabotinsky.org/media/9747/the-iron-wall.pdf

[1] Durgham, N. (2024, July 15). Palestinians raped and tortured in Israeli detention, says prisoners group. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/gaza-israel-detainees-abuse-torture-sde-teiman-ofer

[1] Graham-Harrison, E., & Kierszenbaum, Q. (2024, July 30). IDF charges reservist with aggravated abuse of Palestinian prisoners. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/30/idf-charges-reservist-with-aggravated-abuse-of-palestinian-prisoners

[1] Gaza: Israeli army systematically uses police dogs to brutally attack Palestinian civilians, with at least one reported rape. Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor. (2024, June 27). https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/6383/Gaza:-Israeli-army-systematically-uses-police-dogs-to-brutally-attack-Palestinian-civilians,-with-at-least-one-reported-rape

[1] Ziv, O. (2024, August 1). A riot for impunity shows Israel’s proud embrace of its crimes. +972 Magazine. https://www.972mag.com/sde-teiman-beit-lid-protests-detainees/

[1] Israeli lawmaker justifies rape of Palestinian prisoners. Middle East Eye. (2024, July 30). https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/israeli-lawmaker-justifies-rape-palestinian-prisoners

[1] Kampeas, R. (2024, April 19). Poll: Months into Gaza War, most US jews feel close to Israel -- not its government | The Times of Israel. The Times of Israel. https://www.timesofisrael.com/poll-months-into-gaza-war-most-us-jews-feel-close-to-israel-not-its-government/

[1] Poll: 72% support humanitarian pause; 20% favor unconditional ceasefire. The Jewish Federations of North America. (2023, November 22). https://www.jewishfederations.org/fedworld/poll-72-support-humanitarian-pause-only-20-favor-unconditional-ceasefire-452801

[1] Rosenberg, D. (2022, June 27). The ideals of the Jewish Labor Bund have outlived Nazi genocide. Jacobin. https://jacobin.com/2022/06/jewish-labor-bund-nazi-genocide-wwii-labor-migration-anti-zionism

[1] Kraus, K. (2017). In These Great Times: Selected Writings (P. Healy, Trans.). November Editions. p. 56

[1] Sand, S. (2014). The Invention of the Land of Israel: From Holy Land to Homeland (G. Forman, Trans.). Verso. p. 70

[1] (2013). The Skeptic’s Annotated Bible: The King James Version from a skeptic’s point of view. SAB Books. Genesis 12:1

[1] Ibid., Genesis 12:10

[1] Watanabe, T. (2001, April 13). Doubting the Story of Exodus. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-apr-13-mn-50481-story.html

[1] Sand, S. (2014). The Invention of the Land of Israel: From Holy Land to Homeland (G. Forman, Trans.). Verso. p. 70-71

[1] Ibid., p. 71

[1] (2013). The Skeptic’s Annotated Bible: The King James Version from a skeptic’s point of view. SAB Books. Deuteronomy 7:3

[1] Ibid., Exodus 21:15-22:20

[1] Sand, S. (2014). The Invention of the Land of Israel: From Holy Land to Homeland (G. Forman, Trans.). Verso. p.76

[1] Ibid., p. 72

[1] (2013). The Skeptic’s Annotated Bible: The King James Version from a skeptic’s point of view. SAB Books. Exodus 23:27

[1] Ibid., Exodus 23:29

[1] Ibid., Joshua 6:21 & 11:14

[1] Ibid., Joshua 6:24

[1] Sand, S. (2014). The Invention of the Land of Israel: From Holy Land to Homeland (G. Forman, Trans.). Verso., p. 75

[1] Ibid., p. 74

[1] Ibid., p.74

[1] Ibid., p. 85

[1] Shlomo, S. (2014, October 10). Shlomo Sand: “I wish to resign and cease considering myself a Jew.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/10/shlomo-sand-i-wish-to-cease-considering-myself-a-jew

[1] United Nations. (2023, September 27). Settlement expansion in Occupied Palestinian territory violates international law, must cease, many delegates tell Security Council | Meetings Coverage and press releases. United Nations. https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15424.doc.htm

[1] United Nations. (2004, July 9). International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion finds Israel’s construction of wall “contrary to international law” | meetings coverage and press releases. United Nations. https://press.un.org/en/2004/icj616.doc.htm

[1] United Nations. (2022, March 25). Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territory is “apartheid”: UN rights expert . United Nations. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1114702

[1] United Nations. (2024, March 26). Rights expert finds “reasonable grounds” genocide is being committed in Gaza | UN News. United Nations. https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/03/1147976

[1] United Nations. (2024b, May 20). ICC seeking arrest warrants for Hamas leaders and Israel’s Netanyahu . United Nations. https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/05/1149966

[1] Little, B. (2023, October 4). How did humans evolve?. History.com. https://www.history.com/news/humans-evolution-neanderthals-denisovans

[1] Sand, S. (2014). The Invention of the Land of Israel: From Holy Land to Homeland (G. Forman, Trans.). Verso. p. 12

[1] Rubin, R. (2013, May 7). “Jews a race” genetic theory comes under fierce attack by DNA expert. The Forward. https://forward.com/israel/175912/jews-a-race-genetic-theory-comes-under-fierce-atta/

[1] Elhaik E. (2017, July 28) Editorial: Population Genetics of Worldwide Jewish People. Frontiers in Genetics. 8:101. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00101 PMID: 28804494; PMCID: PMC5532521. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5532521/

[1] Indigenous (adj.). Etymology. (n.d.). https://www.etymonline.com/word/indigenous

[1] Verhulst, S. (2023, March 9). It’s time to rethink the idea of “indigenous” . The Living Library. https://thelivinglib.org/its-time-to-rethink-the-idea-of-indigenous/

[1] Peters, M. A., & Mika, C. T. (2017). Aborigine, Indian, indigenous or first nations? Educational Philosophy and Theory, 49(13), 1229–1234. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2017.1279879

[1] Evri Y, Kotef H. (2022). When does a native become a settler? (With apologies to Zreik and Mamdani). Constellations. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12470

[1] Ibid.

[1] What is Ladino?. Sephardic Brotherhood. (n.d.). https://www.sephardicbrotherhood.com/what-is-ladino

[1] Mendel, Y. (2020). On Palestinian Yiddish and Ashkenazi Arabic in 18-19 century Palestine: a language- oriented new look on Jewish-Arab relations. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 49(2), 204–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2020.1778444

[1] Wikimedia Foundation. (2024, October 11). Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Palestinian_Judeo-Arabic

[1] Shohat, E. (1999). The Invention of the Mizrahim. Journal of Palestine Studies, 29(1), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/2676427

[1] Rapoport, M. (2015, December 15). Israel’s forgotten Arabic language. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/israels-forgotten-arabic-language

[1] (2018, August 14). Arabic Downgraded in Israel. Language Magazine. https://www.languagemagazine.com/2018/08/14/arabic-downgraded-in-israel/

[1] Arianti, F. (2024, September 16). Forests thrive when indigenous people have legal stewardship of their land. Resilience. https://www.resilience.org/stories/2024-09-16/forests-thrive-when-indigenous-people-have-legal-stewardship-of-their-land/

[1] (2022, November 3). Fact Sheet: Israel’s Environmental Apartheid in Palestine. IMEU. https://imeu.org/article/environmental-apartheid-in-palestine

[1] Pearce, F. (2019, September 30). In Israel, Questions are Raised about a Forest that Rises from the Desert. Yale Environment 360. https://e360.yale.edu/features/in-israel-questions-are-raised-about-a-forest-that-rises-from-the-desert

[1] Ibid.

[1] Bentley, Elizabeth. Between Extinction and Dispossession: A Rhetorical Historiography of the Last Palestinian Crocodile (1870–1935). Jerusalem Quarterly 88 (2021): 9-29. https://www.palestine- studies.org/sites/default/files/jq-articles/Between%20Extinction%20and%20Dispossession.pdf

[1] Al Jazeera English. (2023, July 27). Israeli army pours cement into Palestinian water source. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=315029630956152

[1] The Right to Water in Palestine: A Background. Center for Economic and Social Rights. (n.d.). https://www.cesr.org/sites/default/files/Palestine.RighttoWater.Factsheet.pdf

[1] Deprez, M. (2018, August 20). Even animals are divided by Israel’s wall and occupation threats to the local environment. Middle East Monitor. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20180820-even-animals-are-divided-by-israels-wall-and-occupation-threats-to-the-local-environment/

[1] Kawas, M. (2020, February 18). Solidarity between Palestinians and indigenous activists has deep roots. Palestine Chronicle. https://www.palestinechronicle.com/solidarity-between-palestinians-and-indigenous-activists-has-deep-roots/

[1] Central Intelligence Agency. (2024, October 10). The World Factbook: Israel. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/

[1] Knell, Y., & Luckhurst, T. (2024, August 27). Under cover of war, extremists are seizing Palestinian land – they hope permanently. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c624qr3mqrzo

[1] Gopal, P. (2023, November 22). Is decolonization “genocide”? let’s see. Medium. https://zen-catgirl.medium.com/is-decolonization-genocide-lets-see-de91184cb8af

[1] Jaffer, H. (@hjaffer). (2024, October 10). Free the Zionists. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/reel/DA62jyJIGkP/

[1] von Aue, M. (2017, January 4). How the CIA infiltrated the world’s literature. VICE. https://www.vice.com/en/article/how-the-cia-infiltrated-the-worlds-literature/